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A lot has been written and debated about the
subject of Dual Agency. So, what the heck is the big deal?
Let's break it down. The assumption is that most
people are aware that a real estate broker or salesperson ("Broker") is an
agent with fiduciary duties to the party that the Broker represents. The
reality and the problem is that most people do not know this. Now... most
real estate agents should know this but unfortunately, many do not. You see,
an "agency relationship" is most often created by express agreement, I.E. a
listing agreement and/or a buyer broker agreement. Normally, both documents
clearly outline the fiduciary relationship and duties of the real estate
agent. However, an agency relationship can be legally implied by the
parties' "agent's" actions. Regardless of whether the agency relationship is
express or implied, the agency relationship imposes on a Broker the
fiduciary duties of loyalty, obedience, disclosure, confidentiality, and
accounting.
In King County, Washington State, in
Busk v. Hoard, 396 P.2d 171 (1964 Wash. 1964).
, the King County Supreme Court held that: "...The concept of agency
is one of law. Its existence depends upon factual elements that enable a
determination, as to whether an agency relationship existed, to be made from
all the peculiar circumstances of the particular case. No one fact, seized
from its setting, should be regarded as conclusive or controlling under any
and all circumstances..."
So, what is "fiduciary duty"? First let's define what the Realtor's
Code of Ethics says of Fiduciary Duty
• Standard of Practice 11-2
The obligations of the Code of Ethics in respect of real estate
disciplines other than appraisal shall be interpreted and applied in
accordance with the standards of competence and practice which clients and
the public reasonably require to protect their rights and interests
considering the complexity of the transaction, the availability of expert
assistance, and, where the REALTORŪ is an agent or subagent, the obligations
of a fiduciary. (Adopted 1/95)
Ok... so what the heck does that all mean? For me, perhaps the best
definition of "fiduciary" was found on the Internet at
www.websiteupgrades.ca/glossary/free/F.shtml:
Here Fiduciary is defined as:
"A person charged by law and equity with a higher duty of care for another
person. A person who, as a result of a relationship with another person, is
required by law to place the other person's interests equal to or ahead of
his own in all dealings involving that other person. The relationship is
often created when the other person approaches the fiduciary to use the
fiduciary's special skills and knowledge, for a fee, to benefit the other
person."
I think this definition best describes what we do as Realtors and/or real
estate agents. We either represent the best interests of a client, buyer or
seller or we take some subservient roll. By subservient roll, I do not mean
to imply that our services are any less valuable, only that our services
take on a different face.
Consider the agent acting as an advocate/fiduciary for a buyer or seller. For our example, we'll assume that our real estate agent is involved with a buyer who wishes to purchase a particular piece of real estate listed by the agent's brokerage, we'll call them Dual Agency Inc.
The agent will, first discuss with
the seller, the potential of an offer from a buyer who has been working with
the agent in search of a piece of real estate to purchase. And... not
until the seller agrees to the potential of limited disclosed dual agency,
should the agent present the offer to the seller and not until the buyer has
agreed to the potential of limited disclosed dual agency, should the agent
prepare the offer for the buyer.
It is also extremely important to remember that, here in Arizona, we are
blessed... or cursed... with the privilege and responsibility of being able
to write contract language to a transaction. Arizona is the ONLY state in
the US that empowers licensed real estate agents with this component within
the real estate transaction. This right is entrusted under Article 26 of the
Arizona Constitution wherein Article 26 reads:
"1. Powers of real estate broker or salesman
Section 1. Any person holding a valid license as a real estate broker or a
real estate salesman regularly issued by the Arizona State Real Estate
Department when acting in such capacity as broker or salesman for the
parties, or agent for one of the parties to a sale, exchange, or trade, or
the renting and leasing of property, shall have the right to draft or fill
out and complete, without charge, any and all instruments incident thereto
including, but not limited to, preliminary purchase agreements and earnest
money receipts, deeds, mortgages, leases, assignments, releases, contracts
for sale of realty, and bills of sale."
Ok, so why is this important? Because
Article 26 sets the foundation for how real estate agents engage the public.
We have an inherent duty to understand our craft. If we engage a
consumer in a transaction, we have an obligation to lay out all of the
nuances of the transaction, all of the nuances and peculiarities of each
document that becomes an integrated part of the transaction. Our duty
is not only to help negotiate the transaction, but more importantly, our
duty is to help the consumer fully understand their duties to the
transaction.
Too many folks, real estate agents and the
public, place way too much emphasis on the negotiations of a transaction
rather than the complexities of the transaction. Any monkey on a chain
can fill in a contract form, it's not rocket science. And, while we,
as an industry are heralded as learned negotiators, we are all too often
dismissed for our knowledge of the intricacies of keeping a transaction
together. It is this Realtor's opinion that we are not paid the big
bucks for our slight of tongue or negotiating strategy; we are, or should
be, paid the big bucks for making sure that the transaction makes it to the
finish line. We are entrusted with an overwhelming responsibility to
fully understand and explain the meaning of the contract, the meaning of
each form to the contract, the ins-and-outs of surveys, disclosure of waste
water treatment requirements, the ability to dissect the potential pot-holes
in a transaction and how to navigate around or through them and to explain
the particular responsibility of each party to the transaction. We
have an obligation to the parties to help them complete the transaction with
as little inconvenience as possible. The particulars of who "gets the
best deal", buyer or seller, is an arguable point if the transaction never
closes!
In no way is Dual Agency an obstacle to these
duties! Just because one party or the other loses the edge of gaining
an advantage of 'covert knowledge gained' about the other side, has little
bearing on the real estate agent's responsibility to deal fairly and
honestly with both the buyer and seller in a Dual Agency transaction or any
transaction!
Article 26 of the Arizona Constitution places
Arizona Real Estate Professionals on a playing field that is far more
different than any real estate agent in any other part of the United States.
Moreover an excerpt from the AAR-On-Line publication March 2006 written by
Michelle Lind, General Council to the Arizona Association of Realtors read:
How
Article 26 Affects a Licensee's Legal Obligations
Few court
cases have interpreted the provisions of Article 26.
However, in Morely v. J. Pagel Realty & Insurance,
27 Ariz. App. 62, 550 P.2d 1104 (1976), the Court of
Appeals states:
Having
achieved, by virtue of [Article 26 Section 1 of the
Arizona Constitution], the right to prepare any and
all instruments incident to the sale of real
property, including promissory notes, real estate
brokers and salesmen also bear the responsibility
and duty of explaining to the persons involved the
implications of these documents. Failure to do so
may constitute real estate malpractice.
Id. at 66.
In a subsequent case, Olson v. Neale, 116 Ariz.
522, 570 P.2d 209 (App. 1977), the court states:
[A]rticle
26 § 1 of the Arizona constitution . . . authorizes
brokers and salesmen to engage in limited law
practice involving real property transactions. If a
broker can practice law in the area of real property
sales, it is reasonable to hold him to a full
understanding of the implications and ramifications
of the Statute of Frauds.
Id. at 525.
These cases, and subsequent clarifications by the Arizona
courts, indicate that Article 26 imposes a duty upon brokers
and salespersons to give competent advice to their clients
and to understand the legal implications of the documents
they prepare. |
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So, where does this all lead with respect to
Dual Agency? In this Realtor's opinion, simply stated, as an industry
we have an obligation to be fair and honest with the public, the consumers
of our services. We have a duty to be honest and upfront about how
Agency Relationship works and what it means. There are numerous
instances of case law, in Arizona and around the US that tell of tales of
dubious dealings by agents, knowingly and unknowingly, mismanaging the
public's expectations of these relationships. This is not a bi-product
of Dual Agency, this is a bi-product of inexperience and incompetence by
real estate practitioners who do not take the necessary steps to fully
explain the fine distinction between advocacy and fiduciary VS fair and
honest dealings with the public.
If we, as an industry, take a more responsible
roll in explaining Dual Agency Representation VS Single Agency
Representation, we will find that there will be many fewer complaints filed
with the Arizona Department of Real Estate over this subject.
Yes, there are advantages for a buyer or seller
to be represented by an exclusive agency relationship. For example,
the ability to take advantage of misguided disclosure of the motivations by
one side or the other can be valuable during the initial negotiations and
throughout the transaction. But... if the buyer or seller has been
properly schooled by his/her real estate agent, there is little chance of
either side ever coming across such, foolishly disclosed, information.
Lori Klindera and "G-II" Varrato II are Realtors
with Coldwell Banker Residential Brokerage, 3050 W. Agua Fria Freeway, Suite
110, Phoenix, AZ. 85027. We can be reached at cell phones 602-574-5674 for Lori, 602-796-5674
for G-II or by eMail at any number of eMail addresses, such as
Lori.and.G-II@RealEstateInPhoenix.net or
Lori.G-II@AirForceHomeSeller.com.
Bye till next time. Lori and I truly wish you
and your family a Happy, Healthy, Safe, and Prosperous 2007! |
This
article was solicited from us by the Law firm of Michael A. Fleishman,
Butler & Associates, P.L.C. and used in the the Lorman Education Systems
continuing legal education seminar - "Real Estate Litigation in Arizona" -
9/14/07 - We were very honored!
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